国外主要零售企业发展历程给我国零售业的六点启示

六只腿

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">从世界各国主要零售企业发展历程看，有以下几点值得我国零售企业深思：</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、我国零售企业企业规模小，未来发展空间大。在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2006</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年连锁百强企业中，销售额超过百亿美元的只有国美电器一家企业。这与我国的经济地位不相适应，也说明零售企业仍然具有非常大的发展空间。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、我国零售市场集中化程度低，未来整合重组事件断。在发达国家，前几家零售企业占整个国家零售市场的份额非常大。如瑞士，前二家即占全国市场的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">80%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">份额；英国前四家企业也占有超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">50%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">的市场份额。而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2006</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年，我国连锁百强企业前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">名仅占社会消费品零售总额的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">，占整个零售市场的比例不超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20%</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、市场饱和是相对的。即使非常成熟的市场，仍存在发展空间。在很多零售业发展很成熟的国家，一些零售企业仍然通过创新获得新的发展空间。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、并购是外资进入发展中国家的主要手段。无论是从东南亚市场，还是南美市场，均存在类似情况。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、裁员、关店或转让是国外零售企业扭亏的常用手段。裁员的主要原因是国外企业人工成本高，但对我国企业不见得适用。但关闭没有效益的店铺却是通行的作法，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2006</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年我国一些零售企业也通过关闭或转让店铺，使经营情况得以好转。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、政府的作用不忽视。欧美国家对零售业的限制非常严格，包括选址、定价、促销、员工福利、垄断等各个方面，企业经营整体上看非常规范。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><p></p></span></p>